A | A team of scientists has discovered a likely explanation for why one may feel exhausted after engaging in intense cognitive work.,In their study, published in the Current Biology last week, the researchers argue that intense cognitive work, when it lasts for several hours, results in the buildup of potentially toxic byproducts in the prefrontal cortex part of the human brain, which then affects a person’s behavior.,“Influential theories suggested that fatigue is a sort of illusion cooked up by the brain to make us stop whatever we are doing and turn to a more gratifying activity,” Mathias Pessiglione of Pitié-Salpêtrière University in Paris, said as quoted in a news release by Cell Press. “But our findings show that cognitive work results in a true functional alteration—accumulation of noxious substances—so fatigue would indeed be a signal that makes us stop working but for a different purpose: to preserve the integrity of brain functioning.”,During the course of their research, the team employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy to monitor the brain chemistry of two groups of people during a workday, with one group performing easy cognitive tasks while the other engaged in more complex mental activities.,Only the latter group ended up exhibiting signs of fatigue, as well as a tendency to favor “options proposing rewards at short delay with little effort,” as the news release put it.,AmericasChild Survives After 7 Minutes Without Blood Flow to Brain During Surgery, US Cardiologist Reveals11 August, 16:41 GMT,Furthermore, members of that group had higher levels of glutamate in the synapses of the prefrontal cortex, leading the researchers to suggest that the accumulation of glutamate “makes further activation of the prefrontal cortex more costly,” and thus a mentally exhaustive workday makes cognitive control more difficult.,Unfortunately, there seems to be no fancy way to deal with this problem other than the tried and tested method that is probably as old as history itself.,“I would employ good old recipes: rest and sleep!” Pessiglione remarked. “There is good evidence that glutamate is eliminated from synapses during sleep.”。
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C | 此外，瓦列里·格拉西莫夫仍留任武装力量总参谋长职务。
D | 普京11日签署命令，批准米舒斯京提交的新的政府架构方案。根据法律规定，米舒斯京随后将向俄国家杜马（议会下院）递交有关新政府部长人选方案，经国家杜马批准后由俄总统任命，其中国防部、联邦安全局、内务部、司法部、紧急情况部和外交部等的负责人由总统与联邦委员会协商后任命。
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F | 图片来源：视觉中国
G | 俄罗斯国防指挥中心的成立将158个联邦和地方权力机关、1320家国有企业和军工综合体企业合并成统一的部门间合作体系。23万亿卢布用于军队重新武装，根据军方资料，这使俄军的现代化武器装备率达到全世界最高的70%。相比之下，21世纪初，这个数字不到15%。
H | 叙利亚军事行动是后苏联历史上俄军首次参加在前苏联加盟共和国之外的作战行动。俄罗斯军队获得了在远方战区远程补给、保障和基础设施能力有限的情况下开展远征行动的经验。在叙利亚军事行动期间测试了600多种先进武器和军事装备。
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